Will my vandalized windshield be payed for?

My rear windshield of my vehicle was smashed with a brick. A woman witnessed the man in act of actually throwing the brick. Police were called and the man was apprehended and token to jail on a felony vandalism charge. I purchased the next day a new windshield for 430$ out of my own pocket (insurance deductible is 500 they wouldn't cover). I am pressing charges against him but am not worried on his punishment only wanting to get my money that I payed for back. Police officer at scene told me I would have to pay myself which I didn't get since he was caught... Some also said I would have to file a small claims order or even sue... What process would I have to do in order for him to pay damage? Also if he can't afford to pay what will happen? How long will this all take for me to get paid?